St Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
BORN: 12th Oct 1891
DIED: 9th Aug 1942
When Edith Stein was born in Breslau, Germany, now Polish territory, in 1891, her world was in chaos from war and depression which led her life journey by a road of unexpected turns and reversals. Her close-knit Jewish family set an atmosphere of lively stimulation, intellectual ambition and high expectations. Always an independent thinker she decided as a teenager to give up her studies and religion and travel to Hamburg. When she returned to university she had more incentive to take up psychology and philosophy but then the First World War broke out and everything changed. She volunteered as a nurse and saw the rawness of suffering and the ugliness of war.
Philosopher and Specialist in Phenomenology
Edith read widely and was soon recognized as a philosopher and specialist in phenomenology. Her study of Empathy is famous and often quoted. Amongst other published works were those on Woman, on education and spirituality, on the Person and on Human Rights for she was forward-looking and actively involved in working towards a better future.
Faith
There were times when she knew despondency and depression and at one of these low points, she went to a festival of the music of J.S. Bach where she heard the majestic tones of his chorale, “A Mighty Stronghold ‘, which restored her faith in the power of the human spirit.
It was the calm strength of her friend, Anna Reinach, in facing the death of her husband in the war, which really impressed Edith, as this couple had become Christian not long before. If faith in God could give such spiritual strength and hope, there must be some foundation for it.
Seeking the Truth
In her unrelenting search for Truth Edith’s reading led her to the Life of St Teresa of Avila written by herself. She was so immersed in the thick volume that she read through the night and at the end she “was convinced that this was the truth.” The light Edith had been searching for was Truth which only God can reveal and in finding God she found herself.
“God is Truth. All who seek truth seek God, whether this is clear to them or not.” (Letter to Sr Adelgundis, L 259)
She lost no time in approaching a spiritual guide and asking for Baptism, meanwhile studying all the Christian literature she could find. Had it been possible Edith would have liked to enter Carmel without delay, but she was directed to continue her work, writing, lecturing and teaching. Her workload was intense, but she learnt it was possible to live a full life and not lose touch with the divine.
“The only essential is that one finds a quiet corner in which one can communicate with God as though there were nothing else, and that must be done daily.”
(Letter to Sr Callista, L. 45)
It is hard to surrender to God completely, but Edith found ‘What did not lay in my plans lay in God’s plans,’ and she tried to be available to all, ready to listen, docile and open. Resting in His hands – such was the secret of her perfect trust.
Carmel in Cologne
Eventually the way was clear for her to enter Carmel in Cologne, only the biggest difficulty was how to tell her beloved Mother, Auguste, a faithful and devout Jewess. In Carmel she became a learner again though she was soon encouraged to cultivate her talent for writing and produced many articles on liturgical seasons, on the Carmelite heritage and her longest work, Finite and Eternal Being.
The Science of the Cross where Love Conquered Evil
From Cologne she and her sister Rosa crossed to the Carmel of Echt in Holland for the safety of the community and here she wrote her final work on St John of the Cross for his fourth centenary. This was to become The Science of the Cross and the manuscript pages were on her desk when she went to prayer on that evening when she and her sister, Rosa, were roughly taken away without warning in the Nazi SS van. In the darkness they were taken to Auschwitz which meant the gas chambers.
When that fateful day came on 9th August 1942, her offering was consummated, her sacrifice for her people and for peace was accepted – from death to life, transformed by love. Those most terrible times issued in blessings because love conquered hatred and evil.
Books by Edith Stein are available from the Carmelite Monastery
Vol. 1 Life in a Jewish Family
Vol. 2 Essays on Woman
Vol. 3 On the Problem of Empathy
Vol. 4 The Hidden Life
Vol. 5 Self-Portrait in Letters
Vol. 6 Edith Stein ed.
Vol. 7 Philosophy of Psychology
Vol. 8 Knowledge and Faith
Vol. 9 Finite and eternal Being
Vol. 10 An Investigation concerning the State
Vol. 11 Potency and Act
Vol. 12 Letters to Roman Ingarten